{"id":7127,"date":"2018-12-14T13:36:40","date_gmt":"2018-12-14T06:36:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alphaglobal.thuythu.com\/?p=7127"},"modified":"2018-12-14T13:53:51","modified_gmt":"2018-12-14T06:53:51","slug":"kien-thuc-co-ban-ve-phan-bon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/alphaglobal\/2018\/12\/14\/kien-thuc-co-ban-ve-phan-bon\/","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

I.\u00a0<\/strong>C\u00c1C D\u1ea0NG PH\u00c2N B\u00d3N TR\u00caN TH\u1eca TR\u01af\u1edcNG<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

1. C\u00c1C Y\u1ebeU T\u1ed0 DINH D\u01af\u1ee0NG CHO C\u00c2Y TR\u1ed2NG:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
1.1. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00f4 c\u01a1:<\/em><\/h5>\n

\u00a0a)Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/em>:\u00a0G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1m k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 N (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng N t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1); L\u00e2n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 P (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng P<\/em>2<\/em>O<\/em>5<\/em>h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u) v\u00e0 Kali k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 K (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng K<\/em>2<\/em>O h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u) d\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u1ea5p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/em><\/p>\n

b) Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/em>: g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 Canxi (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng Ca ho\u1eb7c CaO), Magi\u00ea (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng Mg ho\u1eb7c MgO), L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng S) v\u00e0 Sil\u00edc (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng Si ho\u1eb7c SiO2\u00a0ho\u00e0 tan) d\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u1ea5p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/em><\/p>\n

c) Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/em>: g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 Bo (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng B), Co ban (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng Co), \u0110\u1ed3ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng Cu ho\u1eb7c CuO), S\u1eaft (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng Fe), Mangan (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng Mn ho\u1eb7c MnO), Molip\u0111en (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng Mo) v\u00e0 K\u1ebdm (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng Zn ho\u1eb7c ZnO) d\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u1ea5p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

1.2. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1eefu c\u01a1:<\/em><\/h5>\n

Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, axit amin, vitamin, axit humic, axit fulvic, \u2026<\/p>\n

1.3. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 vi sinh v\u1eadt:<\/em><\/h5>\n

Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c Vi sinh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 VSV c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m, ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i l\u00e2n, ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i xenlulo\u2026<\/p>\n

1.4.\u00a0C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/em><\/h5>\n

L\u00e0 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng g\u1ed3m: Asen (As), Cadimi (Cd), Ch\u00ec (Pb), Thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n (Hg), Ti tan (Ti) Cr\u00f4m (Cr) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh g\u1ed3m: vi khu\u1ea9n\u00a0E.coli<\/em>,\u00a0Salmonella<\/em>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: biuret, axit t\u1ef1 do v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i quy chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia<\/p>\n

2. PH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I PH\u00c2N B\u00d3N TR\u00caN TH\u1eca TR\u01af\u1edcNG:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
2.1.\u00a0Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:\u00a0G\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00f4 c\u01a1, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u1eefu c\u01a1, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n vi sinh v\u1eadt<\/em><\/h5>\n

2.1.1. Ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00f4 c\u01a1:\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>G\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n kho\u00e1ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00f4 c\u01a1. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i: ph\u00e2n kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u01a1n, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p, ph\u00e2n kho\u00e1ng tr\u1ed9n.<\/p>\n

a)<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u01a1n<\/strong><\/em>: l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng N ho\u1eb7c P2O5h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c K2O h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u<\/p>\n

b) Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p<\/strong>: l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai (02) y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

c)Ph\u00e2n kho\u00e1ng tr\u1ed9n<\/strong><\/em>: l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed9n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb hai ho\u1eb7c ba lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

2.1.2. Ph\u00e2n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p:\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb hai (02) y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00f4 c\u01a1, h\u1eefu c\u01a1, vi sinh v\u1eadt, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c) tr\u1edf l\u00ean, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kho\u00e1ng, ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 vi sinh.<\/p>\n

a)\u00a0<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/em>: l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn theo quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00ean men c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 HC (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng HC t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a quy chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

b) Ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/em>:<\/em>l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00ean men b\u1eb1ng vi sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u00edch ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a quy chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

c) Ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kho\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/em>: l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u1ed9n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00f4 c\u01a1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00f4 c\u01a1 \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a quy chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

d) Ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 vi sinh<\/strong>: l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u00edch c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a quy chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

2.1.3.\u00a0Ph\u00e2n vi sinh v\u1eadt:\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u00edch bao g\u1ed3m: nh\u00f3m vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m, ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i l\u00e2n, ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i xenlulo, vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng, vi sinh v\u1eadt t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quang h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a quy chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

2.2. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n l\u00e1, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n r\u1ec5<\/em><\/h5>\n

2.2.1. Ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n l\u00e1<\/strong>:\u00a0<\/em>l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c phun tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o th\u00e2n, l\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e2y h\u1ea5p thu dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng qua th\u00e2n, l\u00e1.<\/p>\n

2.2.2. Ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n r\u1ec5<\/em><\/strong>: l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed9 r\u1ec5<\/p>\n

3. PH\u00c2N V\u00d4 C\u01a0 \u0110A L\u01af\u1ee2NG:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
3.1.\u00a0Ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m:<\/em><\/h5>\n

L\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00f4 c\u01a1 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1m cho c\u00e2y. B\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e1nh, ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh, ra l\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, l\u00e1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc to, m\u00e0u xanh, l\u00e1 quang h\u1ee3p m\u1ea1nh do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng sau:<\/p>\n

a)\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Ph\u00e2n Ur\u00ea CO(NH<\/strong>4<\/strong>)<\/strong>2<\/strong>:<\/em>l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 N cao nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a 44-48% N nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 b\u00e1n 2 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n ur\u00ea c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau: Lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, h\u1ea1t tr\u00f2n, d\u1ec5 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00fat \u1ea9m m\u1ea1nh. Lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean, nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee9ng c\u00e1. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m n\u00ean d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. Ph\u00e2n ur\u00ea c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3n th\u00fac. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1m n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t do s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1m Ure di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Khi ta b\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea1m ur\u00ea v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1m nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a men Ureazae:<\/p>\n

CO(NH2)2\u00a0+ 2H2O\u00a0\u2192 (NH4)2CO3<\/p>\n

(NH4)2CO3\u00a0+ 2H2O\u00a0\u2192 NH4HCO3\u00a0+ NH4OH<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra nhanh th\u00ec c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p thu kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp, n\u00ean c\u00e1c ion NH4+\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh NH3\u00a0bay h\u01a1i g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1m. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec1m th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e0ng nhanh; ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt l\u00e0m cho NH4+\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Nitrate h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

2NH4+\u00a0+ 3O2\u00a0\u2192 2NO2\u2013\u00a0+ 2H2O + 4H+\u00a0+ NL<\/p>\n

2NO2\u2013\u00a0 + O2\u00a0\u2192 2NO3\u2013\u00a0+ NL<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra nhanh th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng NO3- d\u01b0 th\u1eeba s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c di xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebfu oxy, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi sinh v\u1eadt hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed NO3- g\u00e2y n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

NO3\u2013\u00a0\u2192 NO2\u2013\u00a0\u2192 N2<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea5t tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed th\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1m do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Nitrate h\u00f3a x\u1ea3y ra nhanh hay ch\u1eadm c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 pH c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y, \u1edf nh\u1eefng ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m ur\u00ea, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2y l\u00faa t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 xanh r\u1ea5t nhanh, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb 10 \u2013 15 ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1m, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean ru\u1ed9ng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t, c\u00e1t pha<\/p>\n

b) Ph\u00e2n am\u00f4n nitrat (NH<\/strong>4<\/strong>NO<\/strong>3<\/strong>): c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 33-35% N, c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1i k\u1ebft tinh c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng x\u00e1m, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ec5 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ec5 v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c, kh\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. L\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n sinh l\u00fd chua, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f3n cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

c) Ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m sunphat (NH<\/strong><\/em>4<\/strong><\/em>)<\/strong><\/em>2<\/strong><\/em>SO<\/strong><\/em>4<\/strong><\/em>:<\/em>c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n SA, ch\u1ee9a 20-21% N, 39% S. C\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3, m\u1ecbn, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ng\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c xanh x\u00e1m, c\u00f3 m\u00f9i n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u, v\u1ecb m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 h\u01a1i chua n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n mu\u1ed1i di\u00eam. D\u1ec5 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01a1i r\u1eddi, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3n th\u00fac cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb ph\u00e8n, b\u1ecb chua. Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

d)\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m clorua (NH<\/strong>4<\/strong>Cl):<\/strong>ch\u1ee9a 24-25%\u00a0 C\u00f3\u00a0d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 m\u1ecbn, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0ng ng\u00e0, d\u1ec5 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00edt h\u00fat \u1ea9m, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c. L\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n sinh l\u00fd chua, n\u00ean b\u00f3n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n kh\u00e1c. \u1ede v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea1m clorua<\/p>\n

e) Ph\u00e2n Xianamit canxi<\/strong><\/em>:<\/em>ch\u1ee9a 20-21% N, 20-28% v\u00f4i, 9-12% than. C\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t, m\u00e0u x\u00e1m tro ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i khai. Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3n l\u00f3t, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 phun l\u00ean l\u00e1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t chua.<\/p>\n

f)\u00a0Ph\u00e2n ph\u00f4tphat \u0111\u1ea1m<\/strong><\/em>(c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00f4t phat am\u00f4n):<\/em><\/strong>c\u00f3 16% N, 20% P. C\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean, m\u00e0u x\u00e1m tron ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eafng, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ec5 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3n l\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c b\u00f3n th\u00fac, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n

3.2<\/em>.\u00a0Ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n:<\/em><\/h5>\n

C\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. K\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a r\u1ec5, l\u00e0m cho r\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e2m s\u00e2u lan r\u1ed9ng n\u00ean c\u00e2y \u00edt \u0111\u1ed5 ng\u00e3, k\u00edch th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebb nh\u00e1nh, n\u1ea3y ch\u1ed3i, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e2y ra hoa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1edbm v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e9t, ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ed9 chua, ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i\u2026. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/em><\/p>\n

a) Ph\u00f4t phat n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba<\/strong><\/em>:<\/em>l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn, m\u00e0u n\u00e2u th\u1eabm ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2u nh\u1ea1t, ch\u1ee9a 15-25% P nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3n l\u00f3t, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3n th\u00fac, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t chua<\/p>\n

b) Ph\u00e2n apatit<\/strong><\/em>:<\/em>l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn, m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1m n\u00e2u. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i: lo\u1ea1i apatit gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 38% l\u00e2n, lo\u1ea1i apatit trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 17-38% l\u00e2n, lo\u1ea1i apatit ngh\u00e8o c\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi 17% l\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

c )<\/em><\/strong>Supe l\u00e2n<\/strong>:<\/em>l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, v\u00e0ng x\u00e1m ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1m thi\u1ebfc, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 16-20% l\u00e2n nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u1ea1ch cao. Ph\u00e2n d\u1ec5 h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3n l\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c b\u00f3n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

d) Tecmo ph\u00f4t phat (ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n nung ch\u1ea3y, l\u00e2n V\u00e2n \u0110i\u1ec3n):<\/strong><\/em>c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u xanh nh\u1ea1c, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u tro, c\u00f3 \u00f3ng \u00e1nh; ch\u1ee9a 15-20% l\u00e2n, 30% canxi, 12-13% Mg, c\u00f3 khi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 K. Ph\u00e2n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tan trong trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng tan trong axit y\u1ebfu, c\u00e2y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3n l\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c b\u00f3n th\u00fac. Ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t cho \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t ngh\u00e8o, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u, \u00edt vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t chua.<\/p>\n

e) Ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/strong><\/em>:<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t tr\u1eafng, nh\u1eb9, x\u1ed1p trong gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f4i b\u1ed9t, ch\u1ee9a 27-31% l\u00e2n nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 1 \u00edt canxi. Ph\u00e2n n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tecmo\u00a0\u00a0ph\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

3.3. Ph\u00e2n kali:<\/em><\/h5>\n

Cung c\u1ea5p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng K cho c\u00e2y, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u00fang, ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n, ch\u1ecbu r\u00e9t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, t\u1ea1o cho c\u00e2y c\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc, \u00edt \u0111\u1ed5 ng\u00e3, t\u0103ng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n. Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n kali sau:<\/em><\/p>\n

a) Ph\u00e2n clorua kali<\/strong><\/em>:<\/em>c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1m \u0111\u1ee5c, x\u00e1m tr\u1eafng, k\u1ebft tinh th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ee9a 50-60% K nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00edt mu\u1ed1i \u0103n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n chua sinh l\u00fd, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1eddi, d\u1ec5 b\u00f3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f3n l\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c b\u00f3n th\u00fac, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n

b) Ph\u00e2n sunphat kali<\/strong><\/em>:<\/em>c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf, min, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, d\u1ec5 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00edt v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c; ch\u1ee9a 45-50% K nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t, 18% L\u00e0\u00a0lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n chua sinh l\u00fd nh\u01b0ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

c) M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n kali kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/em>:<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Ph\u00e2n kali \u2013 magie sunphat: c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn m\u00e0u x\u00e1m, ch\u1ee9a 20-30% K<\/em>2<\/em>O, 5-7% MgO, 16-22% S, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t ngh\u00e8o, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Ph\u00e2n\u00a0<\/em>Agripac c\u1ee7a\u00a0Canada: c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4, h\u1ea1t to, kh\u00f4ng v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee9a 61% K2O, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Mu\u1ed1i kali 40%: c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng mu\u1ed1i tr\u1eafng k\u1ebft tinh c\u00f3 l\u1eabn m\u1ed9t \u00edt v\u1ea3y m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea1t, ch\u1ee9a 40% K, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n

3.4. Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p:<\/em><\/h5>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>lo\u1ea1i 2 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 (N-P, N-K, P-K), lo\u1ea1i 3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 (N-P-K), lo\u1ea1i 4 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 (N-P-K-Mg).<\/p>\n

a) Ph\u00e2n NP:<\/strong><\/em>g\u1ed3m<\/em><\/strong>c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u sau:<\/p>\n

* Ph\u00e2n Diamophor, Di Ammonium Photphat (DAP): t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 N:P:K l\u00e0 1:2,6:0, ch\u1ee9a 18% N, 46% P2O5, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e8n, \u0111\u1ea5t bazan.<\/p>\n

* Ph\u00e2n Mono Ammonium Photphat (MAP): Ch\u01b0a 12%N, 61% P2O5. MAP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 r\u1ec5 \u1edf c\u00e2y con, k\u00edch th\u00edch ra hoa \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed5i b\u1ed9 r\u1ec5-th\u00e2n \u2013 nh\u00e1nh \u2013 c\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

b)\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>Ph\u00e2n NK<\/strong>:<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0 Ph\u00e2n kali nitrat (KNO3) ch\u1ee9a 13% N, 46% K2\u00adO, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3n cho \u0111\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o kali, k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ra hoa tr\u00e1i v\u1ee5<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ph\u00e2n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c: 30:0:10; 20:0:20; 20:0:10\u2026<\/p>\n

c) Ph\u00e2n PKg\u1ed3m:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 MKP:\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>Mono Kali Photphat (KH2PO4)): Ch\u1ee9a 35% K2O v\u00e0 52% P2O5. Do gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1 cao n\u00ean lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u01b0u ti\u00ean phun l\u00ean l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf cao. MKP th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a m\u1ea7m hoa, x\u1eed l\u00fd ra hoa tr\u00e1i v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n

d) Ph\u00e2n N-P-K:<\/strong><\/em>Ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 2 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n N, P, K Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0: 20-20-15, 16-16-8, 30-10-10, 17-7-17, 25-5-5\u2026g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n

4. PH\u00c2N V\u00d4 C\u01a0 TRUNG V\u00c0 VI L\u01af\u1ee2NG:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
4.1. Ph\u00e2n trung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/em><\/h5>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n trung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang m\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n trung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. a) Ph\u00e2n l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh:<\/strong><\/em>ph\u00e2n supe l\u00e2n ch\u1ee9a 12% S, ph\u00e2n supe h\u1ea1t kali ch\u1ee9a 18% S, ph\u00e2n sunphat amon (SA) ch\u1ee9a 23% S, ph\u00e2n sunphat kali \u2013 magie ch\u1ee9a 16-22% S.<\/li>\n
  2. b) Ph\u00e2n canxi<\/strong><\/em>: ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n nung ch\u1ea3y V\u0103n \u0110i\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9a 28-32% Ca, ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n NPK V\u0103n \u0110i\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9a 13-14% CaO, ph\u00e2n supe l\u00e2n ch\u1ee9a 22-23% CaO, Ph\u00e2n Canxi Nitrate Ca(NO3)2 ch\u1ee9a 26% CaO, 15% N<\/li>\n
  3. c) Ph\u00e2n magie<\/strong><\/em>: ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n V\u0103n \u0110i\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9a 17-20% Mg, ph\u00e2n sunphat \u2013 magie ch\u1ee9a 5-7% Mg, ph\u00e2n borat magie ch\u1ee9a 19% Mg. Ph\u00e2n Magie Nitrat Mg(NO3)2ch\u1ee9a 15% MgO, 10,8% N<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    4.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ph\u00e2n vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0g\u1ed3m :<\/em><\/h5>\n

    \u2013\u00a0 Ph\u00e2n Bo: g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n axit boric, ph\u00e2n borat natri, borat magie.<\/p>\n

    \u2013\u00a0\u00a0Ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng: \u0111\u1ed3ng sulfat<\/p>\n

    \u2013\u00a0 Ph\u00e2n mangan: g\u1ed3m sunphat mangan, clorua mangan, pecmanganat kali.<\/p>\n

    \u2013\u00a0\u00a0Ph\u00e2n Molipden: g\u1ed3m molipdat natri, molipdat amon.<\/p>\n

    \u2013\u00a0 Ph\u00e2n k\u1ebdm: g\u1ed3m sunphat k\u1ebdm, clorua k\u1ebdm.<\/p>\n

    \u2013\u00a0\u00a0Ph\u00e2n s\u1eaft<\/p>\n

    \u2013\u00a0 Ph\u00e2n Coban.<\/p>\n

    5. PH\u00c2N B\u00d3N L\u00c1<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u2013\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 phun l\u00ean c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2y h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

    \u2013\u00a0\u00a0Ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n l\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01a1n nh\u01b0 N, P, K, Cu, Zn,\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n qua l\u00e1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf d\u1ea1ng h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

    6. PH\u00c2N H\u1eeeU C\u01a0:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    a) Ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng:<\/em><\/strong>l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n do gia s\u00fac th\u1ea3i ra nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n l\u1ee3n, ph\u00e2n tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 ng\u1ef1a, ph\u00e2n g\u00e0 v\u1ecbt\u2026 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u1ee7 ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

    b) Ph\u00e2n r\u00e1c<\/strong>: l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb r\u00e1c, c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i, th\u00e2n l\u00e1 c\u00e2y xanh, b\u00e8o t\u00e2y, r\u01a1m r\u1ea1, ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i r\u1eafn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n men nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i, l\u00e2n, v\u00f4i\u2026 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi hoai m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

    c )\u00a0Ph\u00e2n xanh:\u00a0<\/strong>l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. Ph\u00e2n xanh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1i, kh\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7. C\u00e2y ph\u00e2n xanh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c c\u1ecf l\u00e0o, c\u00e2y qu\u1ef3 d\u1ea1i\u2026<\/p>\n

    7. PH\u00c2N VI SINH:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u00edch nh\u01b0 vi khu\u1ea9n, n\u1ea5m, x\u1ea1 khu\u1ea9n. G\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i sau:<\/p>\n

    a\u00a0)<\/em><\/strong>Ph\u00e2n vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m<\/strong><\/em>:<\/em>c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh N t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 t\u1ea3o lam (Cyanobacterium), vi khu\u1ea9n Azotobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Rhyzobium, x\u1ea1 khu\u1ea9n Actinomyces, Klebsiella. Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: ph\u00e2n nitragin, ph\u00e2n Rhidafo, ph\u00e2n Azotobacterin, ph\u00e2n Azozin\u2026<\/p>\n

    b) Ph\u00e2n vi sinh v\u1eadt h\u00f2a tan l\u00e2n<\/strong>: g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y l\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Aspergillus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Micrococens\u2026 Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0: Phosphobacterin\u2026<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    I.\u00a0C\u00c1C D\u1ea0NG PH\u00c2N B\u00d3N TR\u00caN TH\u1eca TR\u01af\u1edcNG 1. C\u00c1C Y\u1ebeU T\u1ed0 DINH D\u01af\u1ee0NG CHO C\u00c2Y TR\u1ed2NG: 1.1. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00f4 c\u01a1: \u00a0a)Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:\u00a0G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1m k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 N (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng N t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1); L\u00e2n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 P (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng P2O5h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u) v\u00e0 Kali k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":7148,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[142],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/alphaglobal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7127"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/alphaglobal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/alphaglobal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/alphaglobal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/alphaglobal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7127"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/alphaglobal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7155,"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/alphaglobal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7127\/revisions\/7155"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/alphaglobal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/alphaglobal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/alphaglobal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/alphaglobal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}