{"id":208,"date":"2022-08-05T10:17:29","date_gmt":"2022-08-05T10:17:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/hoalim\/?p=208"},"modified":"2022-11-20T16:07:33","modified_gmt":"2022-11-20T16:07:33","slug":"tin-tuc-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/hoalim\/2022\/08\/05\/tin-tuc-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Tin t\u1ee9c 1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. H\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 th\u1eddi La M\u00e3 Marcus Vitruvius Pollio \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a 2 n\u1ec1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong x\u00e2y d\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u2018s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc\u2019 (an to\u00e0n) v\u00e0 \u2018ti\u1ec7n nghi\u2019 (m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch), sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m n\u00ean ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u2018h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn\u2019 (c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p)<\/p>\n

\u2018S\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 \u2018b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u\u2019. V\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau 5 tr\u1eadn cu\u1ed3ng phong trong h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m, li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u2018h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn\u2019 ngo\u00e0i \u2018s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc\u2019? T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u2018ti\u1ec7n nghi\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong t\u00ednh h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0o: li\u1ec7u kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2018h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn\u2019 ngo\u00e0i \u2018s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc\u2019 hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fd l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m vui tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. V\u1eady b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean?<\/p>\n

\u2018C\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p\u2019 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\"\"
Montreal Biosphere<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Hay \u2018c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9?<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0i n\u0103m Richard O. Prum \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cS\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p: L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean c\u1ee7a Darwin v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u201d. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh ra c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc Yale Prum tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0103n v\u00e0 ng\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Buckminster Fuller \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u201cKhi t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng khi t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u00f3, n\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 sai\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Trong n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Christopher Alexander \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201cki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t\u201d. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u201cki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t\u201d c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: \u201cCh\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u201cs\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n\u201d trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c) l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u201ckh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c\u201d nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u201cc\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi d\u00e0nh cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u201ckh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean\u201d, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u201cc\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Leonardo da Vinci \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o ho\u00e1: \u201cCu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. B\u1ea1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9. \u0110a s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t \u00edt c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. B\u1ea1n l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3\u201d. Ngo\u00e0i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u2013 nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra \u201cki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t\u201d \u0111ang t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111ang bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong gen di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec \u201cc\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. H\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 th\u1eddi La M\u00e3 Marcus Vitruvius Pollio \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a 2 n\u1ec1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong x\u00e2y d\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u2018s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc\u2019 (an to\u00e0n) v\u00e0 \u2018ti\u1ec7n nghi\u2019 (m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch), sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":131,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[12,11,10,1],"tags":[14],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/hoalim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/hoalim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/hoalim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/hoalim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/hoalim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=208"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/hoalim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1019,"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/hoalim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208\/revisions\/1019"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/hoalim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/hoalim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/hoalim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/hoalim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}