{"id":2097,"date":"2022-07-29T03:54:34","date_gmt":"2022-07-29T03:54:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/kidsworld\/?p=2097"},"modified":"2022-07-29T07:39:06","modified_gmt":"2022-07-29T07:39:06","slug":"lich-su-cua-montessori","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/demo8.thuythu.com\/kidsworld\/lich-su-cua-montessori\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Montessori"},"content":{"rendered":"

I. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

N\u0103m 1906, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Maria Montessori, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c thi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c tr\u1ebb em \u1edf San Lorenzo, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ngh\u00e8o, n\u1ed9i- qu\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Rome. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i h\u1ecdc.<\/span>
\nB\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1907, trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Casa dei Bambini \u2014 Ti\u1ebfng \u00dd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ebb em\u201d. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Montessori \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u00e0m cho Casa tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2014 v\u00e0 b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span>
\nBan \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb c\u00f2n ng\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1, h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1eefa \u0103n v\u00e0 d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Montessori quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh, \u00f4n h\u00f2a, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung s\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 trong vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb ti\u1ebfp thu ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc.<\/span>
\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Montessori \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o cho ch\u00fang, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc Montessori ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ham mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb.<\/span>
\nTin t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh ch\u00f3ng lan truy\u1ec1n kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1907, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Montessori \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf m\u1ed9t Casa dei Bambini th\u1ee9 hai, c\u0169ng \u1edf San Lorenzo. V\u00e0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1907, t\u1ea1i Milan, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf m\u1ed9t Casa th\u1ee9 ba.<\/span><\/p>\n

II. Montessori \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Montessori \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Rome t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xa v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u201cnh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3\u201d th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung, ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt.
\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Montessori c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c ham h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Montessori. C\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Chile v\u00e0 \u00dac, v\u00e0 trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Montessori tr\u00ean 5 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba.
\nN\u0103m 1909, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Montessori xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, Il Metodo della Pedagogia Scientifica applyato all’educazione cho tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh Case dei Bambini . Trong v\u00f2ng 3 n\u0103m, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang 10 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng. 5.000 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh, c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Montessori , \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n h\u1ebft trong 4 ng\u00e0y.
\n\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1910, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Montessori c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf kh\u1eafp T\u00e2y u v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u0103m 1911, tr\u01b0\u1eddng Montessori \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3.
\n\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1914, 187 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Montessori. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, tr\u00ean T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed McClure’s r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng , \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Montessori l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u\u201d.
\nTi\u1ebfn s\u0129 Montessori b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1916. Trong kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Montessori \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau, c\u00f4 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n L’autoeducazionne nelle Scuole Elementari , m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em t\u1eeb 7 – 11 tu\u1ed5i (T\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Montessori N\u00e2ng cao .)<\/p>\n

III. Montessori \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9<\/strong><\/span>
\nT\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, Phong tr\u00e0o Montessori \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Montessori \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1edf n\u0103m 1911, t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Scarborough, New York. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Casa dei Bambini \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Maria Montessori, d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o, c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, bao g\u1ed3m Thomas Edison v\u00e0 Alexander Graham Bell, \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9.<\/span>
\nN\u0103m 1913, Maria Montessori \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3 trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 3 tu\u1ea7n, n\u01a1i b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m. M\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfp t\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cho c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u1edf Washington, DC. B\u1ed1n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1, bao g\u1ed3m Margaret Wilson, con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Woodrow Wilson, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc.<\/span>
\nC\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng 1.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Carnegie Hall c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York, n\u01a1i c\u00f4 \u1ea5y chi\u1ebfu \u201cnh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee5p t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u1edf Rome; \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp.<\/span>
\nMontessori b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u1ef9 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 coi chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1.<\/span>
\nTi\u1ebfn s\u0129 Montessori tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1915 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Panama-Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf San Francisco, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean Montessori t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span>
\nT\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m, m\u1ed9t \u201c L\u1edbp h\u1ecdc K\u00ednh \u201d theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Montessori \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u2014 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 k\u00ednh nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean 3 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean quan s\u00e1t l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ebb \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 cao \u0111\u1ed9, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng xung quanh.<\/span>
\nC\u00f9ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, 1915, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Montessori l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf Oakland, California. H\u01a1n 15.000 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1.<\/span>
\nS\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a L\u1edbp h\u1ecdc K\u00ednh v\u00e0 chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y \u1edf California c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Montessori \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Montessori v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa, gi\u00fap th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Montessori tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. C\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00ec c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1916, h\u01a1n 100 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Montessori \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf M\u1ef9<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o b\u1ecb tr\u1eadt b\u00e1nh<\/span><\/em>
\nPhong tr\u00e0o Montessori \u1edf M\u1ef9 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 nhanh ch\u00f3ng khi n\u00f3 lan r\u1ed9ng. R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0y.
\nWilliam Kilpatrick, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao trong phong tr\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a John Dewey, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb gi\u00e8m pha nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Montessori trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Montessori \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t . M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, Kilpatrick \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Montessori. Anh \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0, \u00f4ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc Montessori. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Kilpatrick v\u1ec1 Montessori nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9
\n\u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Montessori \u1edf M\u1ef9 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb mai m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

IV. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf M\u1ef9, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York, Nancy McCormick Rambusch.
\nSau khi \u201ct\u00ecnh c\u1edd\u201d c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Maria Montessori, Rambusch \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb trong c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. N\u0103m 1953, b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Paris \u0111\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Montessori v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00eam. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p Mario Montessori, con trai c\u1ee7a Maria, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00f4 mang Montessori tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc Montessori ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a Rambusch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Montessori m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. . Song song v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1960, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Rambusch, Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Montessori Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

V. Montessori h\u00f4m nay<\/span><\/h2>\n

T\u1eeb kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb em k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn \u1edf Rome, \u00dd, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Montessori \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, kho\u1ea3ng 5.000 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Montessori hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u tr\u1ebb em, t\u1eeb tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1eddng Montessori kh\u00e1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span>
\nHi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Montessori Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Montessori Internationale v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Montessori kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span>
\n\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i AMS \u0111ang gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/span>
\nT\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u00e1n c\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Montessori mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quanh n\u0103m.<\/span>
\nNgo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc Montessori song ng\u1eef, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u1eadp vai v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c tin; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00e9m trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/span>
\nNh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Montessori v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Montessori hi\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Montessori \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xa x\u00f4i, m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda cho h\u1ecdc sinh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng Montessori, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span>
\nNh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Montessori. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 NBA MVP, Stephen Curry; Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Google, Larry Page v\u00e0 Sergey Brin; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, Julia Child. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Montessori c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 Montessori nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t huy h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span>
\nDay One Academies, m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p 1 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7m non l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb Montessori \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng sau s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn? Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Amazon Jeff Bezos, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean Montessori.<\/span>
\nB\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: Montessori kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Maria Montessori – m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef d\u00e1m t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span>
\nV\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng lao tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn Montessori c\u1ee7a AMS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung: l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n cho con c\u00e1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Tham gia phong tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Montessori l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o N\u0103m 1906, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Maria Montessori, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c thi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Montessori - Company name<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Montessori - Company name\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I. 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